Ethnographics Gallery University of Kent

Turkish Village

Copyright 1965, 1994 Paul Stirling. All rights reserved.

Paul Stirling
CHAPTER TEN

RANK

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Page 224


allow, or health compels, an old man spends his time sitting in his home, in a guest room or in sunny places in the village, nd does little or no work except perhaps at the harvest. Very roughly this change seems to occur about the age of fifty although individuals vary greatly according to health, resources and inclination.

These are no more than stages in a man's life. They do not correspond to any kind of formal organisation, and the people described by one of these terms do not form a single group. Of course, people are at ease with their equals, and informal gossip groups, especially out of doors, tend to consist of co-evals. Relative age is always important since deference to elders is strictly enjoined at all age levels.

In the long winter evenings when almost all the men sit in guest rooms, the young are expected to keep quiet in the presence of their elders, and children are sent out if they giggle or make a noise. Youths do not speak, and the younger married men speak little, especially in the presence of their own fathers. A younger man is expected to sit in a respectful posture, that is, not to cross his legs if sitting Europeanwise with his feet on the floor, and to keep his feet tucked underneath him if squatting on the divan. Smoking in the presence of father is forbidden. Every guest room has a drinking cup and a filled wooden water bottle always ready. If a seated man wants a drink he will demand it simply and unceremoniously, and one of his juniors, usually a boy, will bring the cup, wait respectfully with his hands crossed while his elder drinks and then take it back.

Position in Household and Lineage

Closely tied to age as a factor in rank is a man's position in his own agnatic group. The senior male member of a household always speaks for it; even a man of mature years will normally keep silence publicly in his father's presence. To disagree publicly with his father is a declaration of rebellion. His relative position in the village rises sharply therefore when his father dies and he is in charge of his own household. Even then, the eldest of a group of brothers tends to speak for the others and to carry weight as their representative. I have already described the wedding feasts in Sakaltutan attended by `the great ones',

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