Kinship Contents Kinship&Genealogy Kinship Introduction Learning Kinship with the Kinship Editor Use the Kinship Editor Kinship Editor Results Calculating Kin Culture &Classification Modelling Kinship Computers and Kinship Conceptual requirements Specification Programming Kin Introduction Rules Trying things out Basic kin types Extended kin types Genealogical relations Terminologial rules Resources Prolog Reference Bibliography Top of page Kinship Contents Top of page Kinship Contents Top of page Kinship Contents Top of page Kinship Contents

Extended Kin Types In the previous section we defined the following basic kin types (genealogical relationships): c(X,Y) :- child(X,Y). s(X,Y) :- c(X,Y), male(X). d(X,Y) :- c(X,Y), female(X). p(X,Y) :- c(Y,X). f(X,Y) :- p(X,Y), male(X). m(X,Y) :- p(X,Y), female(X). g(X,Y) :- sibling(X,Y). z(X,Y) :- g(X,Y), female(X). b(X,Y) :- g(X,Y), male(X). e(X,Y) :- spouse(X,Y). w(X,Y) :- e(X,Y), female(X). h(X,Y) :- e(X,Y), male(X). Anthropologists extend the basic vocabulary (csdpfmgzbewh) to represent more complex kinship relationships. This is done by conjoining the basic kin type symbols. For example, the following symbols are a few of the possible combinations: Kin Type -> English gloss ff -> father's father mz -> mother's sister fff -> father's father's father fbd -> father's brother's daughter mmbs -> mother's mother's brother's son wf -> wife's father wzd -> wife's sister's daughter hfbw -> husband's father's brother's wife Complex relationships are represented in prolog by using variables to link individuals representing the simple t erms together. For example for sw ('son's wife): and for fbs: Following is a prolog example which defines a few compound relationships. Try some of these out, by typing in a query (to the right of the "Do Query" button) replacing the 'mm(X,Y).' that is there, and then clicking either on the 'Query' button. As an exercise, complete and test the definitions for fbd,mf,ff,fff,mmm,swf. You can test your definitions by typing in a query (to the right of the "Do Query" button) replacing the 'mm(X,Y).' that is there. Prolog: Compound Relationships # Enter your ruleset in here. # data for each person relating to sex, siblings and spouses male(john). spouseset(john,"2"). # male(george). sibset(george,"1"). spouseset(george,"3"). # male(mike). sibset(mike,"3"). spouseset(mike,"5"). # male(earl). spouseset(earl,"1"). # female(noddie). spouseset(noddie,"12"). spouseset(noddie,"2"). # female(jean). sibset(jean,"8"). spouseset(jean,"3"). # female(jimmi). sibset(jimmi,"3"). spouseset(jimmi,"10"). # female(nancy). sibset(nancy,"3"). # male(jim). sibset(jim,"1"). spouseset(jim,"4"). # female(elizibeth). spouseset(elizibeth,"4"). # female(vikki). sibset(vikki,"4"). spouseset(vikki,"6"). # male(richard). sibset(richard,"4"). # female(wenonah). spouseset(wenonah,"5"). # male(stephen). sibset(stephen,"5"). spouseset(stephen,"9"). # female(demeter). sibset(demeter,"5"). spouseset(demeter,"7"). # male(paul). spouseset(paul,"6"). # male(albert). sibset(albert,"6"). spouseset(albert,"7"). # male(carl). sibset(carl,"7"). # female(effie). spouseset(effie,"8"). # male(bill). spouseset(bill,"8"). # female(jo). sibset(jo,"8"). # male(wayne). sibset(wayne,"8"). # male(arthur). sibset(arthur,"8"). # female(sonia). spouseset(sonia,"9"). # male(ron). spouseset(ron,"10"). # female(marie). sibset(marie,"10"). # the child, spouse and sibling predicates following translate the # person-union model used by the kinship editor into more # conventional genealological concepts. # sibset id of person is id of parents spouseset child(Child,Ego) :- sibset(Child,ID), spouseset(Ego,ID). # spouses share a spouseset id spouse(Spouse,Ego) :- spouseset(Spouse,ID), spouseset(Ego,ID), neq(Spouse,Ego). # siblings share a sibset id sibling(Sibling,Ego) :- sibset(Sibling,ID), sibset(Ego,ID), neq(Sibling,Ego). # Basic genealogical relationships c(X,Y) :- child(X,Y). s(X,Y) :- c(X,Y), male(X). d(X,Y) :- c(X,Y), female(X). p(X,Y) :- c(Y,X). f(X,Y) :- p(X,Y), male(X). m(X,Y) :- p(X,Y), female(X). g(X,Y) :- sibling(X,Y). z(X,Y) :- g(X,Y), female(X). b(X,Y) :- g(X,Y), male(X). e(X,Y) :- spouse(X,Y). w(X,Y) :- e(X,Y), female(X). h(X,Y) :- e(X,Y), male(X). Work Area - using mm(X,Y) as an example, complete and test the definitions for fbd,mf,ff,fff,mmm,swf mm(X,Y) :- m(X,Z),m(Z,Y).\nzd(X,Y) :- z(X,Z),d(Z,Y).\ndh(X,Y) :- d(X,Z),h(Z,Y).\nsw(X,Y) :- s(X,Z),w(Z,Y).\nfbs(X,Y) :- f(X,Z),b(Z,Q),s(Q,Y). Kinship Query: Query Results Results go here. Press the Query Button. Next section: Reporting genealogical relations Note for writing rules: When writing your rules pay attention to two things: 1) make sure where you intend a variable for prolog to 'fill-in' with a name, that you use an upper-case letter for the variable name (A-Z), and 2) end your rule with a full-stop ('.'). This is VERY important. If you get things into too big a mess, you can reload the page by clicking on the reload button of the browser while holding down the option key on a Macintosh, or the ALT key under Windows or Unix. The correct answers are incorporated into the program in next section. Next section: Genealogical relations