| Author's note: I am very grateful to the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research for a generous grant which made possible the preparation of this and other papers on Venda initiation.
I have expressed elsewhere (Blacking 1967b:3-4) my gratitude to the various organisations and individuals who sponsored, encouraged, and financed my fieldwork, and especially to the many Venda who helped me to learn their language and understand their culture and music. In particular I was fortunate to have the help of my friend Victor Nkhumeleni Ralushai, who is a trained linguist and was therefore able to mark in the speech-tone patterns of the words of the songs.
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